Many families are now living in multi-generational situations. Often this not only involves bringing up children but also care for an aging parent. This can be stressful for all parties, especially when it involves physical or cognitive decline. Naturally caregivers are looking to find tools that can help ease the burden on homelife.
There are presently only a small number of studies into ways of helping slow down cognitive decline and the National Institute on Aging is supporting expanding studies in this area to include larger numbers of a diverse range of older adults in order to further test how such activities may help reduce cognitive decline or maintain healthy cognition.
A study that looked at activities to reduce behavioral symptoms in Dementia patients concluded; “Recreational programs promote quality of life by providing an appropriate level of stimulation using meaningful activities. For people with mild to moderate dementia, it is important to provide stigma-free normalized recreational experiences based on their interests.” [1]
One such study into cognitive training, designed to improve specific cognitive skills, appears to have had benefits for maintaining cognitive health in older adults. A large randomized, controlled trial called the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) trial tested the effects of cognitive training — specifically memory, reasoning, or speed of processing — on cognitive abilities and everyday function over 10 years. The study found that participants who had training in reasoning and speed of processing experienced less decline than those in the memory and control groups.
Stay connected with social activities
Staying connected with your family, friends, and neighbors through social activities and community programs is a great way to ward off isolation and loneliness and it may also help support a loved one’s cognitive function. Short walks and small trips outside can add variety to the daily routine and make a difference.
What Are the Best At-Home Activities for Dementia Patients?
Dementia is a term that covers a range of conditions characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline that can interfere with everyday activities. Although dementia can make routine tasks more challenging, there are many engaging and enjoyable at-home activities that not only provide entertainment but can also help stimulate the brain and improve quality of life. Whether you’re a caregiver or a loved one, understanding and implementing these activities can make a significant difference.
At-Home Activities for Everyday Engagement
For people living with dementia, activities should be simple, familiar, and easily adaptable to individual abilities. Many find comfort in tasks that yield immediate, recognizable results and require minimal planning. Examples of these activities include listening to or playing music, dancing, singing, or watching a favorite show together. Other options include preparing food, completing a jigsaw puzzle, reading aloud, or looking through photo albums. These activities tap into a person’s past experiences and memories, fostering a sense of identity and continuity. One activity that is popular is Reminiscence Therapy (RT) it is an important activity to use with people in moderate stages of dementia and Alzheimer’s. RT can take many forms and uses all the senses. Seeing, hearing, tasting, and touching an item can engage a person with dementia to remember and recall something of the past. RT can be as informal as a conversation or a story from the past. Or it can be used as trivia. Free activity sheets for RT exercises can be downloaded.
Group activities can also be beneficial, such as playing Bingo. A small gathering with one or two familiar faces — such as family members or close friends — can enhance mood and engagement. While socialization helps counteract feelings of isolation, it’s important to keep the group small to avoid overwhelming the individual.
Incorporating Physical Activity
Physical activity is a vital component of at-home routines for dementia patients. Movement not only boosts physical health but also contributes positively to mood and overall well-being. Simple exercises like dancing to favorite tunes, stretching, or even a leisurely walk in the yard with a pet can be both enjoyable and beneficial. Engaging in mind-body activities such as yoga or tai chi helps maintain balance and flexibility, which are important for daily function. Home improvement projects, light cleaning, or organizing together can also provide gentle physical exercise while fostering a sense of accomplishment.
Brain-Stimulating Activities
While there’s no definitive evidence that brain training can reverse cognitive decline, keeping the mind active is essential for overall mental health. Brain-stimulating activities for dementia patients include playing board or card games, completing puzzles, and engaging in sensory-rich activities like cooking or crafting. Creative pursuits such as painting, coloring, or modeling with clay allow for self-expression and can serve as a relaxing, therapeutic outlet. Additionally, activities like writing, learning a new skill like knitting, or even building with blocks can offer a sense of achievement and help maintain cognitive function. The Alzheimers Association has helpful suggestions and there are dedicated companies such as Activity Uplift that provide a range curated activities that have graded levels of difficulty that can provide variety in at home activities. Songs and Smiles is a non-profit provides resources to help people stay connected.
Tips for Caregivers
For caregivers, encouraging engagement without causing frustration or fatigue is key. Here are some tips to keep in mind:
- Recognize Individuality: Recognize that every person with dementia is unique. Tailor activities to their interests and abilities.
- Have Realistic Goals: It’s okay if tasks are not completed perfectly or require extra time. Celebrate small achievements.
- Pay Attention to Mood: If an activity seems to cause distress or boredom, be ready to switch to another that might be more enjoyable.
- Enjoy Quiet Moments: Sometimes, simply sitting together in silence can be as valuable as a structured activity.
- Encourage: Familiarity and a calm, welcoming presence can encourage participation. Show enthusiasm by starting an activity yourself, which can invite others to join in.
Summary
At-home activities for dementia patients should be simple, enjoyable, and adaptable to individual needs. By incorporating a blend of physical and brain-stimulating exercises, caregivers can create a supportive environment that nurtures both body and mind. Remember that patience, understanding, and personalization are essential to fostering engagement and improving the overall quality of life for those living with dementia. With the right activities and a caring approach, everyday tasks can become meaningful moments of connection and joy.
